Sample Answer for Task 1

The pie charts illustrate the proportion of total expenditure on six categories—housing, clothing, entertainment, food, travel/transport, and luxury goods—in a European country in 1958 and 2008.

Overall, spending patterns shifted significantly over the 50-year period, with clothing being the only category to remain relatively stable. In 1958, food accounted for the largest share at 32%, followed by housing (22%) and clothing (18%). Entertainment, travel/transport, and luxury goods comprised 18%, 8%, and 7%, respectively.

By 2008, housing became the largest expense, rising to 32%. Spending on clothing, travel/transport, and luxury goods each increased to around 16–17%, while food expenditure dropped sharply to 12%. Entertainment spending halved to 6%, making it the smallest category.

(167 words)

Sample Answer for Task 2

The aging population sparks debate about its impact on business, the economy, and society. While some view it as beneficial, others highlight significant challenges. This essay discusses both perspectives.

Critics argue that an aging population strains pension systems and job markets. Increased pension demands burden governments and taxpayers, as financing retirements becomes costlier. Additionally, extending retirement ages can limit job opportunities for younger workers, reducing innovation and organizational dynamism, which may hinder economic competitiveness.

Conversely, an aging population offers benefits. Retirees often volunteer in community projects, providing free labor due to financial stability and a desire to contribute. Moreover, the elderly preserve cultural values and traditions, passing them to younger generations. In countries like Vietnam, where cultural heritage is fading among youth, this role is vital.

In my opinion, while challenges exist, they are outweighed by the societal contributions of the elderly. Their volunteerism and cultural preservation enhance society, making an aging population largely beneficial.

(277 words)